International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Salihu Bala Tajiri*, Kabiru Moyi, Abdu Tsoho

ABSTRACT:A pump a any device that collect fluid (water, air, slurry) from a supplier or reservoir and deliver to a collector using virtually mechanical means. Reciprocating pumps work in similar way the piston of internal combustion engine does. Pumps are very vital for irrigation purpose to reduce the stress involve in watering crops on the farm during the dry season. This paper compares the performance of a wheel type manual reciprocating pump with a lever type. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 strokes were used for each and the amount of water collected were noted down for each of the pumps at the end of every specified cycle or stroke. It was observed that at the end of 10 strokes wheel type pump delivered 125 litres of water, while lever type delivered 20 litres. At 30 strokes it was 45 litres against 75 litres and at 50 cycles wheel type delivered 95 litres and lever type delivered 110 litres of water. The efficiencies were calculated to be 26.67% for wheel type pump and 46.675 for the lever type pump. Both are above a recent experiment performed on a reciprocating pump, with an efficiency of 17.87%.

Keyword:Pump, Reciprocating, Manual, Stroke, Suction, Discharge, Irrigation.

Joachim David Kang’ethe Mbugua 1 *, John Muhenda 1 and Simon Njuguna Waitherero 1

ABSTRACT:It cannot be meaningfully gainsaid that virtues are an essentialconstituent of the moral scope in the society. The society cannot at any point in time fail to desire for virtues since they define the sensibleitinerary that any human being aspires to have. The paper focuses on how virtues could be applied within the society for the eradication of corruption by analyzing majorly St. Thomas Aquinas writings on virtues guided by Aristotle as the exponent of Virtue Ethical Theory. The point of concern is, how ought virtues to facilitate as per their essence in the eradication of the scourge of corruption that has continued to bedevil the society? The paper utilises the analytic approach in its appraisal of the Virtue Ethical System. The upshot of the abovementioned is that virtues could be understood to be the spine of good governance that ultimatelyexpedites the actualisation of the common good subsequent to the annihilation of corruption. Thus, the society is duty-bound to be continuously involved in the process of inculcating virtues to be our second nature, hence easily securing its posterity.

Keyword:Virtue, Corruption, Eradication

Willem Francois Esterhuyse

ABSTRACT:We first prove that nuclear structure is not randomly arranged nucleons. We then develop a geometric model for nuclear structure using JP data from the Internet. The model shows why Be(p = 4, n = 4) is unstable while Be(4, 5) is stable. It predicts correctly the mode of decay of unstable isotopes and it predicts the daughter isotope. It also predicts why Tc(43, n = 54 or 53) is unstable and why Tc(43, 52) is not allowed and why all other isotopes of Tc are unstable. There is also a clear indication of why nuclei of p > 26 require energy to form. Knowing the relative position of the particles may make field computations easier. The model also explains why an isotope can have zero Orbital Angular Momentum. Also shown is why the magic number 8 yields a threshold of minimal binding energy. The model predicts that 16 should also be a magic number for stability. It also predicts that for nuclei wth A = 22 or more has the formula for radius as follows: R = R0 (2*Z)^(1/3) and not R = R0 (A)^(1/3). Thus the model predicts smaller radi for heavy nuclei. It is predicted that for F(9,9) decaying to O(8,10) there would be released 4 photons per nucleus. The transition energies i.e. frequencies for this decay is computed. It is shown how to calculate transition energies. It is predicted that Na(11, 11) with JP = 3+, will behave anomalously w.r.t. the Electromagnetic Interaction, as will the stable Ge(32, 41) at JP = 9/2+, Kr(36, 47) at JP = 9/2+, Rh(45, 58) at JP = 1/2- , Pd(46, 59) at JP = 5/2+ and Ag(47, 60) at JP = 1/2-. There are a few other properties one would not see without the model.

Keyword:Nuclear Structure, Orbital Angular Momentum, Transition Energies.

M. Irwanto 1,2, Suhelmi 3, H. Alam 1 , K. Saleh 1 , E. Warman 4, B. S. Kusuma 5,

ABSTRACT:A three-phase synchronous generator is an electrical machine that it converts the mechanical energy to be an electrical energy. The three-phase synchronous generator operates to supply the load according to its maximum capacity. A parallel operation of two or more three-phase synchronous generators is needed to share the load. The parallel requirements of two three-phase synchronous generator should be fulfilled to achieve the good operation condition. This paper presents a method to operate two three-phase synchronous generator using PSim software. The initial condition, the first synchronous generator operates to serve the load and the second synchronous generator operates for the time of 0.1 s after the initial operation of the first synchronous generator. A parallel switching for the both three-phase synchronous generators is constructed by the elements of elements of 3-ph-Bi-directional switch, On-Off Controller, NOT gate and square generator in PSim software. The results show that the proposed parallel method of two three-phase synchronous generators can operate to share the load.

Keyword: Synchronous generator, Parallel operation, PSim software.

Bilkees Hamid 1 , Mrs Aisha Akhter 2, Mrs Zareefa Bano 3

ABSTRACT:This study was conducted with an aim to improve knowledge of staff nurses by structured teaching programme regarding care of central venous catheter working in Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura Srinagar Kashmir. A pre -experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used to conduct the study. The pre-test was conducted by using a self-structured questionnaire followed by a structured teaching programme on the same day and on every 7th day post-test was conducted. The findings revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score (39.02±4.75) was greater than the mean pre-test knowledge score (26.86±7.68) with mean difference of 12.16 at p0.001 level of significance. This indicates that structured teaching programme were effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses. There is significant association of pre-test knowledge score of staff nurses regarding care of central venous catheter with their demographic variable i.e., professional qualification at (p0.009) level of significance. However no significant associattion was found between pre-test knowledge score and the selected demographic variables like age in years, place of posting, working experience in years and in-service training program attended.

Keyword:Central venous catheter, Effectiveness, Structured teaching programme, Knowledge, Staff nurses, SKIMS

Chukwudi Ogwu Ph.D Ecotoxicology, Ph.D Vocational Agriculture, Mac Ford Okeke & Okonji A. O.

ABSTRACT:This study investigated the organochlorine pesticides content of Abam Wetland for its suitability for pen aquaculture in schools. It was an ex-post facto research with 3 research questions answered and a hypothesis tested. The research area Abam Wetland was mapped out into 5 research cells, from each of the research cells water samples were collected from 5 sampling spots, bulked, a composite drawn and fixed with HNO3. The analytical standards adopted were USEPA and CAEM and the analytical instrument deployed for determination is EPA 805 with ECD. The mean results obtained were; endosultan II 0.39±0.31ug/l, trans-chlordane, 0.44±0.13ug/l, endrin ketone 1.40±0.56ug/l, methoxychlor, 0.68±0.24 and DDT, 2.69±0.1ug/l. The mean results of the parameters investigated were further subjected to test of significance with ANOVA with numerator 4 and denominator 20 at 0.05 level of significance. The F ratio calculated was 6.14 while F ratio critical value was 2.62, thus rejecting HO. The study recommends that pen aquaculture should not the practiced in Abam Wetland in its present polluted state, the source of pollution should be identified and plugged, and decontamination and remediation should be carried out to restore the health of the ecosystem.

Keyword:Retooling education, Pen aquaculture, organochlorinepesticides, bioaccumulation human health

Thilini Lakmini Mudiyanse1, Aysha Thaamera Zubair2

ABSTRACT:Clothing is a basic need of every human being entailed into fashion with the evolution of human along with their needs. An evolved human makes a statement of personality and social status in the society through fashion as it has always been a crucial social factor that portrayed society since ancient empires. This study was conducted to identify the decisive factor that drives consumer perceptions towards branded fashion choices in Sri Lanka. There were five main factors identified that can affect consumer decision on branded fashion choices in Sri Lank: social factors, psychological factors, brand related factors, product related factors and marketing tools used by the brand. The hypotheses for the study were based on the identified factors and a survey questionnaire was developed to gather data and test the developed hypotheses. The developed questionnaire was distributed among a sample population of 300 respondents to gather data. The gathered data was processed through SPSS to conduct various tests such as normality, multicollinearity, linearity, descriptive analysis, correlation, regression and so forth. Subsequent to the conducted analyses and tests, it was identified that product related factors have the most impact on consumer perception of branded fashion choices. Although the study was targeted at 300 respondents due to various unavoidable constraints, the information was gathered from 256 respondents. Moreover, these responses can be biased to various external factors and was not large and diverse enough to represent the entire population. Considering the fact that the study was completed in a limited time span there is ample room for improvement in the study.

Keyword:Consumer Preferences; Brands; Fashion Products

Mrs. Nuzhata Nazir 1 , Dr. Dilshada wani 2, Mrs. Suby anu 3

ABSTRACT:introduction: Insulin is a valuable drug for, those who need it. Insulin will have tremendous impact, when used properly. Intensive insulin therapy is essential in the maintenance of strict glycemic control among insulin requiring patients with diabetes. However, this presents challenges in the face of the complexities associated with insulin use and taking in the consideration the potential danger associated with inappropriate use. Insufficient knowledge and skill of self-administration of insulin can result in preventable complication, adverse patient outcome, poor adherence to therapy and invariably poor glycemic control. The study was conducted with the aim to assess the impact of structured teaching programme on knowledge and skill regarding self-administration of Insulin (SAI) among Diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of Srinagar Kashmir. Identifying the knowledge and skill of diabetes mellitus patients will help to assess the degree of awareness about self-administration of insulin so that recommendation can be made to arrange a teaching programme to educate the patients regarding selfadministration of insulin so to incredibly enhance the knowledge and skill of diabetes mellitus patients regarding self-administration of insulin. Methodology Quantitative research approach with pre-experimental pre-test Post-test design was used to assess the knowledge and skill regarding self-administration of Insulin (SAI) among Diabetes mellitus patients in endocrinology ward of SKIMS Soura. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from the 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and observational checklist. Results The mean ± SD post-interventional knowledge score (27.96±4.187) was found to be higher than mean ± SD preinterventional knowledge score (15.74±4.232) which was found to be statistically significant (P=0.001) at 0.05 level of significance. The result also revealed that there was significant association between the pre-interventional knowledge score and demographic variables (Gender (p=0.012), Educational Qualification (p=0.005), Occupation (0.000), Time duration of insulin therapy (0.006)). Whereas no significant association between the pre-interventional knowledge score and other demographic variable (age (p=0.186)). Whereas the mean± SD post-interventional skill score (18.36±1.174) was found to be higher than mean± SD preinterventional skill score (10.16±3.17) which was found to be statistically significant (P=0.001) at 0.05 level of significance. The results also revealed that there was no significant association between the pre-interventional skill scores and demographic/clinical variables such as age, gender, educational qualification, occupation, and time duration of insulin therapy. Conclusion The findings of the study concluded that the diabetes mellitus patients lack adequate knowledge and skill regarding self-administration of insulin and there is a need for educating the patients. The mean knowledge and skill scores improved after implementation of the structured teaching program indicating that the structured teaching program was effective in increasing the knowledge and skill scores of Diabetes Mellitus Patients regarding self-administration of insulin.

Keyword:Impact; Structured teaching programme; Knowledge; Skill; Diabetes mellitus

Dr. Ashok Kumar1 ,* and Dr. Rajashekar.S.Hiremath2

ABSTRACT:Games are very popular throughout the world and everyone i.e. right from the children to adults prefers to participate in them. Various traditional games are part and parcel of Indian tradition. When we discuss about India, it has always exhibited its rich culture and tradition. Whereas, games have been an important part of Indian culture endlessly right from their origin. India is considered as a place of origin for a number of traditional games which are well-known throughout the world in present time. A number of leading traditional games which had Indian origin are Teerandaji, kabbadi, kho-kho, Polo, shatranj, and Martial Art etc. All these games require technical and tactical skills along-with other physiological components like speed, strength, stamina, agility and coordinative abilities. Apart from this our traditional games require very little equipment and they are less expensive in comparison to the modern games, and as a result traditional games of Indian origin became more popular amongst the masses. Yet much needs to be done at the govt. level so that they can be well promoted and Indians can retain their glorious heritage.

Keyword:Origin, Status, Traditional, Games

W M N S Wijethunga 1 , S Weerasighe 2

ABSTRACT:Background: Optimal athletic performance results from a combination of factors including training, body composition, and nutrition. The use of dietary supplements is a developing tradition by athletes not only in the developed countries nevertheless in the developing ones without knowing their effects on health and athletic performance. Problem statement: “What are the usage patterns of dietary supplements (DS) and source of information among Sri Lankan university athletes?” Objective: The main objective of the study was to identify the usage pattern of the DS of Sri Lankan university athletes and their information sources. Subject: A single cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data through a self-administered questionnaire. The unit of analysis is the Sri Lankan university-level athletes representing a university sports team and a sample of 350 respondents will be selected based on stratified random sampling techniques. Results: Interestingly 94% of male respondents and significantly all the female athletes were agreed they use DS. The highest number of both female (32%) and male (34%) athletes consumed supplements while all pre-, post-, and in-season. The majority of both male (41%) and female (42%) respondents reported they use DS over 02 years while the second-highest duration is less in 6 months 25% of males and 26% of females. Among athletes who are using DS (n= 315), 34% reported teammates as the first person who introduced DS, while 32% of respondents reported coach as their first person to introduce DS. The majority of athletes reported that they obtained information regarding supplements from Teammates (69%). Conclusion: DS seems to be widely used in the sport with a considerable proportion of athletes consuming supplements.

Keyword:Dietary Supplements, University Athletes, Information Sources

Preethi Gunaratne 1, Dillina Herath 2

ABSTRACT:Tourism industry is ever changing and tourism literature shows a paradigm shift from cultural tourism to ‘creative tourism’. Despite the adoption of creative tourism around the world, the knowledge on ‘creative tourism strategy development and execution’ seems scarce. Therefore, by conducting an inductive study, the authors of this paper attempt to identify components of strategy through the lenses of Strategic Management and Marketing applied to creative tourism with a view to develop ‘Creative Tourism Strategy Framework (CTSF)’. The study found that components of CTSF can be placed under typical strategy development stages namely; Strategic Analysis, Strategic Vision, Strategy Formulation, Strategy Execution and Strategy Evaluation though the elements in each stage differ in relation to creative tourism.

Keyword:Creative tourism, Creative and cultural industries, Creative tourism strategy framework

Zahir Shah Safari 1,2*, Phebe Ding 2, Niaz Mohammad Zahidi 3, Ashuqullah Atif 1 , Shamsuldin Wafa 1 , Abdu l Aziz Waziri 4, Siti Fairuz Yusoff 5

ABSTRACT:Tomato is rich sources of minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoids that are beneficial for human health. Chitosan and vanillin could be an elicitor to induced defense enzyme activities in host against pathogen causing disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan and vanillin coating on defense-related enzymes (PAL, PPO and POD) activites on tomato fruits during ambient storage Chitosan and vanillin in aqueous solutions i.e. 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin and 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, respectively, were used as edible coating on tomato fruits. The results revealed 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin have significantly lower the activities of defense enzyme i.e. peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) while shelf life was prolonged to 25 days at 26 ± 2ºC and 60 ± 5% relative humidity without any negative effects on fruit postharvest quality

Keyword:Defense enzyme; peroxidase; polyphenoloxidase; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; vanillin; chitosan

WOUNBA Jean Francois 1 ; TOKAM TINGANG Ulrich Cabrel 2* ; BWEMBA Charles 3 ; NKENG George ELAMBO 4

ABSTRACT:Background: Each year in the world, Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are responsible for more than 1.35 million deaths and 40 times more injuries; 90% of these deaths occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Among factors that influence RTAs, road signs have been pointed out by certain authors as something to be taken into account. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of road signs on the occurrence of RTAs in the city of Yaounde. Materials and method: The study used a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) including a documentary review on road signs, a descriptive analysis of RTAs, field investigations at black spots locations, interviews with road safety specialists and policy makers and lastly surveys addressed to road users. Results: From the descriptive analysis of accidents, it emerges that the major causes of RTAs in the city of Yaounde are speeding, poor road conditions and inadequate road signs; the latter being involved in 70.2% of accidents. The use of simple road safety indicators made it possible to identify 15 black spots in the city of Yaounde, including 11 road sections and 4 intersections. Field investigations carried out at the black spots to confirm a possible association between the occurrence of RTAs and road signs have made it possible to make a serious and alarming observation on the poor road signs conditions on these sites. The need to collect the opinions of road users on the subject involved the participation of 210 drivers, 300 pedestrians and 50 traffic police officers. From this survey, it is noted that road users believe not only that they are at risk of accidents during their daily trips but also that, inadequate road signs in the city of Yaounde have a significant impact on the occurrence of RTAs. Also, the inability of public authorities to provide and maintain road signs in order to guide road users through the numerous black spots identified is one of the main causes of RTAs in the city of Yaounde. Conclusion: The study shows that provision and maintenance of road signs present a great opportunity that can promote safety on the Yaounde road network and help in achieving the sustainable development goals.

Keyword:road signs, Road Traffic Accidents, black spots, survey, Yaounde.

Aturu O. B.1 , Olaoye J. O1 ., Gana I. M2, Gbabo A.3 and Liberty J. T4

ABSTRACT: Egusi melon (Citrullus lanatus) is produced and consumed in Nigeria and in some West and East African countries. To address the shortcomings of breakage and cleaning of the shelled seed involved in melon shelling operation, which are among the major factors militating against the large-scale production, processing and the use of a melon seed, a mechanical centrifugal shelling and cleaning machine was developed. This study aims at the establishing the optimum machine parameters; speed and beatersand processing parameter; moisture content, capable of given the maximum recovery and cleaning efficiency of the machine. The result of the experiment revealed that the highest value of cleaning efficiency of 96.7% was obtained from a combination of speed of 2300 rpm, moisture content of 15% (w.b) and 16 beaters, while the least efficiency of 15% was obtained from an interaction between speed of 959 rpm, moisture content of 20% (w.b) and 18 beaters. The highest value of recovery efficiency of 99.9% was obtained from a combination of speed of 959 rpm, moisture content of 20% (w.b) and 18 beaters, while the least efficiency of 92.24% was obtained from an interaction between speed of 1800 rpm, moisture content of 12% (w.b) and 18 beaters. Optimum values of speed of 1842 rpm, moisture content of 11.6% (w.b) and 15 beaters for cleaning efficiency of 90.21%, recovery efficiency of 99.60 with desirability of 0.941 were obtained with the goal of maximising the cleaning and the recovery efficiency. The establishment of these parameters would encourage large scale production, processing and the use of this important oil crop.

Keyword:Melon, seed, cleaning, recovery, speed, moisture content, beaters

Samintang 1 , Juraid 2, Daswati 3

ABSTRACT:This study aims to identify and assess the quality of academic administration services at the Bureau of General Administration, Academic, and Student Affairs (BAUAK) of the State Islamic Institute of Palu (IAIN Palu). It used a qualitative approach and the data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Then, the obtained data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the quality of academic administration services at the BAUAK of IAIN Palu have not been considered satisfied by students. Out of the five aspects proposed by Parasuraman, assurance, tangible, and reliability aspects have not been considered satisfied by students.

Keyword:quality, service, administration, academic, university

Moh.Royfandi 1 , Erdiyansyah 2, Gita Farista 3, Muhammad Afandi 4

ABSTRACT:This study aims to examine the records management of Samalili village office, Sojol sub-district, and Donggala district. This qualitative research used a descriptive approach. The data were collected through observations, documentation, and interviews. The results showed that in the planning aspect, the village government has not had a program plan as evidenced by its village development programs. In terms of the organizing aspect, the village government has not run, transferred, organized, and appointed the person in charge for each work as there is no space to carry out public services, including records management. In the directing aspect, all village officials have never received direction or guidance from their superiors regarding the service process, including in the records management resulting in poor, confusing, and unorganized records management. Even, the archives and other documents could not be differentiated. In the monitoring aspect, it does not run according to its function including the records management. It only runs on village infrastructure development projects. This study strengthens the understanding of the village officials concerning the importance of records management to realize good public services.

Keyword:planning, organizing, directing, monitoring.

Romina Dedi

ABSTRACT:Postpartum depression is a serious mood disorder that may appear within a few weeks after the baby is born. The aim of this study is to explore if some specific social factors may affect the emergence of postpartum depression. There’re analyzed two factors: couple satisfaction and stressful events during pregnancy. Women in the sample have had approximately the same pregnancy experience concerning health complications and child health. They have all planned pregnancy and that was their first pregnancy. It has been realized as a quasi-experiment at the obstetric-gynecological hospital of Shkodra to find out if there is a correlation between stressful events during pregnancy and couple satisfaction with the symptoms of postpartum depression. It is a 68 women sample (aged from 19-38). Instruments that are used are Couples Satisfaction Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. It has been found that women who were unsatisfied with the couple relationship and have experienced stressful events during pregnancy are more likely to have postpartum. If women had experienced stressful events during pregnancy and also had unsatisfied couple relationships, the chances for postpartum depression were even higher. It has been found a significant negative correlation between post-partum depression and couple satisfaction (r= -.698**). There was also a significant correlation between post-partum depression and stressful events during pregnancy (r=.721**).

Keyword:couple satisfaction, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, postpartum depression, pregnancy.

Millatun Amaliyah 1 , Wahyu Lestari 2, Triyanto 3

ABSTRACT:Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran seni budaya kelas vii di SMP Islam Al-Bisyri semarang pada masa covid-19 yang didalamnya terdapat penerapan model dan juga kendalakendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran seni budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan motode penelitian kualitatif dengan metode tersebut digunakan untuk menggambarkan menjelaskan ataupun mendeskripsikan fenomena dan juga fakta yang terdapat di lapangan sesuai dengan keadaan aslinya dan juga apa adanya. Adapun yang menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidik, orang tua dan juga peserta didik.untuk mengumpulkan data teknik yang digunakan adalahwawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara langsung dan juga online, kemudian dari data yang di peroleh dianalisis secara triangulasi sehingga dapat memperoleh hasil yang menunjukan model pembalajran seni budaya yang telah di terapkan diantaranya evaluasi berbasis praktik dan juga fortopolio, namun tidak dapat di pastikan bahwa dalam penerapan model ini dapat dikatakan berhasil

Keyword:Evaluasi; Pembelajaran Seni Budaya; Pandemi

Nibaruta Regis*, Mugisho Mugaruka Josue

ABSTRACT:This paper presents a study of the feasibility of a solar powered light weight urban train that can be adapted to the existing electrical Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT) in Ethiopia. The structure proposed in this paper is to install the solar panels on the train’s roof with possible onboard batteries. A demand-supply analysis has been carried out in this study to compute the energy exchange, taking into account the available area of a railcar roof for the photovoltaic (PV) energy production and the regenerated energy during train braking. Results of this study show that an optimally sized PV system can be integrated as an alternative supply. The computations have shown that out of the 1,816.57kWh consumed daily by a single train vehicle, 814.8 kWh which is 44.85% can be covered by the PV energy together with regenerative energy. The utility grid can supply the 55.15% shortage equivalent to 1,001.77 kWh. Results also demonstrate that the overall energy production always falls below the required energy and energy storage is not required for our particular case study. The feasibility and functional effectiveness of this analysis are illustrated using the data collected along the West-East line of the AALRT.

Keyword:Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Renewable Energy, Energy demand, Solar train, Energy supply

Rahma Hidayati 1, Agus Citra Dermawan 2

ABSTRACT:The success in hemodialysis is much concerning to the patient’s adherence and commitment in the therapy management and fluid restriction. Non-adherence in fluid intake restriction by patients will result in the increases of predialysis blood pressure, miocard infarct risks, heart failure, and mortalities on patients. One of the nursing interventions to improve the patient’s adherence is an application on the self-efficacy training. The aim of this research was to finding out the effectiveness of the self-efficacy training against the patient’s adherence of dailyfluid intake restriction on the patients. This research applied aquasi experiment with pre-post test design. The research data were taken based on the purposive sampling method, with the sample amount of 42 patients. The statistic analysis applied a t-test design. The research showed that p values were 0.002 (<0.05). Accordingly, it was concluded that the self-efficacy training have a significant impact oncompliance of the hemodialysis patients to restrict their daily fluid intake.

Keyword:Adherence, fluid restriction, hemodialysis, self-efficacy

Yoberth Kornelius

ABSTRACT:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused issues in many sectors including the economy. This condition affects the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the Indonesian government's support for the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study used secondary data related to the research focus. Secondary covered official documents, mass and online media, social media, and government websites. Then, the data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Indonesian government's support for the sustainability of MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out by issuing economic stimulus policies through several strategies. First, the government supports in the form of relocating budgets and refocusing policies to provide economic incentives for MSMEs and informal sector actors; second, governments provide postponement installment for micro and small business up to one year as well as a reduction in interest; and third, Financial Services Authorities (OJK) issued the OJK Regulation on National Economic Stimulus as a solution to the economic impact of the spread of COVID-19.

Keyword:Adherence, fluid restriction, hemodialysis, self-efficacy COVID-19, Government Support, Indonesia,MSME

Sampath, D.L I 1, Peiris, K.P.P 2, Samaranayake, G.V.P. 3

ABSTRACT:Staphylococcus aureus a gram-positive coccus which leads to produce several diseases in Urdvajatrugata region (parts above the clavicles). But in present era gradually organisms get resisted to the antibiotics is the main potential hazard to treat the infectious disease conditions. An increasing incidence of multidrug resistance bacteria has triggered immense interest in the search for new drugs or alternatives. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify antibacterial efficacy of two different dosage forms of Denibadi kashaya and Denibadi panta, against Staphylococcus aureus. Denibadi yoga is prescribed as one of the anupana of Sitharama vati (traditional indigenous preparation). It is widely used in Shalakya related disease conditions which deals with treating the diseases of nose, eyes, ears, oral cavity and head region. The antibacterial efficacy of Denibadi yoga is not scientifically evaluated. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Denibadi yoga in two different dosage forms against staphylococcus aureus. The two dosage forms of Denibadi yoga were prepared according to the standard preprational procedures described in Ayurveda authentic texts. The inoculum spreads over the agar plates uniformly to obtain microbial growth. The prepared 8mm wells were poured with Denibadi yoga (Denibadi kashaya [D1] and Denibadi phanta [D2]) as research drug, Amoxicillin as the positive control [P] and distilled water as the negative control [N]. All four samples were triplicated, and plates were incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. The antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus was determined by using Mean Inhibitory Zone Diameter (IZD). Data revealed that two dosage forms of Denibadi yoga has an antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, but kashaya form is more efficacious than phanta form was evident. It can be concluded that while compared with positive control kashaya form of Denibadi yoga has more than 50% efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.

Keyword:Denibadi kashaya, Staphylococcus aureus, Denibadi phanta

Caroline Wangui 1 , Joseph Kariuki 2, Mwangi Wairimu 3, Atanas Malik 4, James Kanyoni 5, Musa Teresiah 6, Macharia Peris 7, R. K walter 8, Asena Shadrack 9, S.Caroline 10

ABSTRACT:The normal morphogenesis of the fetal pancreas has been shown to be disturbed by the prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. There is however, paucity of data on the histo-stereological effects of dexamethasone when prenatally exposed at different gestation periods. In addition, data on whether the prenatal exposure to dexamethasone is dose and time dependent is yet to be elucidated.The main objective of this study is to evaluate the histo-stereological teratogenic outcomes of the prenatal exposure to varied doses of dexamethasone on the development of the fetal pancreas in albino rats. A total of 40 albino rats weighing between 250 to 300 gms were used as the albino rats experimental model. These 40 dams were assigned into two study groups of 36 dams as the experimental category and 4 dams as the control group. The stereological sections were analyzed using Stepnizer stereological software version 23 for windows.The dexamethasone treated groups was marked with significant decrease (p<0.05) in volume densities of islets, acini, blood vessels as well as volume density the ducts in the all the dexamethasone treated groups (LDG, MDG, HDG) when compared with control. These teratogenic effects of dexamethasone on the developing fetal pancreas were also noted to be time and dose dependent with the most injurious effects experienced in the first and second trimester (TM1 and TM2) respectively in all the dexamethasone treated groups.

Keyword:glucorticoids, dexamethasone, prenatal, albino rats

JEAN-CLAUDE NAMEGABE 1, MUSHAMUKA KASIGWA B.2, KASINDI MUKUNGILWA 3, LUKEBA KALEMBU H.4, BUMBA MWAMBA O.5.

ABSTRACT:Objective: to contribute to the use of Family Planning in the Kaziba Health Zone. Material and methods: the descriptive method supported by data collection techniques such as interview, documentary analysis, survey questionnaire, free observation, sampling, free observation, sample of this work being simple random, the sample size of this work was determined by the formula of Mr. SCHWARNT and the chisquare at the threshold of 0.05 served us as a statistical verification test of our hypotheses. We processed the data using the Epi ‒Info software version 3.5.2. Indeed, after the data analysis, the statistical verification of the results and the discussions. Results: Regarding socio-cultural problems, disadvantaging FP in the ZS kaziba, for the case of illiteracy 16% had no level of education and 17% had primary level, ignorance is proven, 19% ignore the At the time of fertility, 31% know nothing more and 23% or side effects related to contraceptive methods, 92% do not know these methods and 17% it is against culture. Also 30% have never been sensitized and 54% have a height greater than 8 people per household with 1 year of inter-reproductive space to 56% with 23% practicing common law. To do this, 49% of the respondents were Catholics, 48% Protestants, 3% Muslims and therefore at 22% religion is one of the factor influencing unwanted births proving that these methods are 43% against the word of God and 33% are criminal. Regarding the factors justifying the non-use of family planning methods, in ZS KAZIBA, there is the excessive desire to give birth to many children at 43%, the reduction in sexual pleasure at 18% and at 43%. the often irreparable side effects associated with these contraceptive methods. As for the man's level of involvement in the FP process in the ZS Kaziba, he is 54% unfavorable to the use of these methods and 44% refuses his wife to use them because 50% want a lot. of children, at 20% he specifies that these methods are forbidden by the Church (by God) and more by custom following their side effects. Conclusion: To achieve our objectives, we used the descriptive method supported by data collection techniques such as interview, documentary analysis, survey questionnaire, free observation, sampling, observation free, the sample of this work being Simple random, sample size of this work was determined by the formula of Mr. SCHWARNT and the chi-square served as a statistical verification test of our hypotheses. Indeed, after the data analysis, the statistical verification of the results and the discussions. Our assumptions being all affirmed, our study led to the results.

Keyword:the issue, Family Planning, Kaziba Health Zone.

Ndung’u C. Wangui 1 , Kweri Joseph 2 , Mwangi Ann 3 , Malik Atanas 4

ABSTRACT:Dexamethasone is a long-actingsynthetic adrenocortical steroid with low molecular weight.It readily crosses maternal placenta barrier and accumulates in the fetal tissues then impeding deleterious impact to the developing fetal pancreas.The aim of this study is to determine the histomorphological teratogenic changes on pancreasof the developing fetal pancreas following prenatal exposure to varied doses of dexamethasone in albino rats.40 albino rats weigh up between 150 to 300 grams were used as the albino rats experimental model.12 dams for the LDGgetting 0.5 mg/kg/bwt/day, 12 MDGgetting 2 mg/kg/bwt/day, and 12 HDGreceiving 4 mg/kg/bwt/day. Each group had a sum of 12 rats in first trimester (TM1), second trimester (TM2) and third trimester (TM3).Morphologically, there was decrease in the size and the number of islets clusters per field, decreased vascularization and increased stromal tissues deposition especially in high dexamethasone groups (4gms/Kg/Bwt). The number of acini per cluster, were significantly decreased (P<0.05), in both high and medium dexamethasone dose when treated in the first and second trimesters (TM1 and TM2) respectively These teratogenic outcomes of dexamethasone on the embryological fetal pancreas were also noted to be time and dose dependent with the most adverse effects werein the first and second trimester (TM1 and TM2) respectively in all the dexamethasone treated groups.This researchdisplays that high glucocorticoid levels during gestation have remarkable effects for the embryology of the fetal pancreas and especially in endocrine component, exocrine component and stromal tissue component of pancreas.

Keyword:dexamethasone, teratogenic, histomorphology, fetal pancreas